虚拟语气PartTwo ：从句中的应用

2018-03-27

虚拟语气用法总结

Part Two: 虚拟语气在从句中的用法

1. 主语从句中的用法

1.1 在以it为形式主语的复合句中，虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等，谓语动词用should be型或be型虚拟式，在美国英语中常用be型虚拟式。如：

It’s natural that she should do so. 她这么做是很自然的事。
It is essential that we should tell her the news. 我们有必要告诉她这个消息。
It is important that we should make full use of our mineral resources. 对我们来说，充分利用我国的矿产资源是重要的。
It is strange that the result of the experiment should be unsatisfactory. 奇怪的是实验结果竟然如此令人不满意。
It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚准备好。
It was arranged that Mr Sam should go and help Bettie. 他们作了安排，由萨姆先生去帮助贝蒂。 more >>

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Only if 倒装还是不倒装？

2018-03-26

“only+状语”置于句首时其后句子一定要用倒装吗

国内出版的绝大部分英语语法书，在谈到涉及 only 的倒装时，大都是这样描述的：当”only+状语”置于句首时其后句子要用倒装。有的还说得相当绝对：当 “only+状语” 置于句首时其后句子 一定要用 倒装。当然 “only+状语” 置于句首时，其后用倒装的例句非常普遍。如：

Only now can I begin to apprehend the power of these forces. 直到现在我才真正了解这些队伍的力量。
Only if the chairperson resigns will we be able to restore the confidence of our members. 只有主席辞职，我们才能恢复成员的信心。　
The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。　　
Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted. 只有每一逻辑步骤都被其他数学家验证之后，证明才能成立。　
Only by keeping down costs will America maintain its competitive advantage over other countries. 只有通过控制成本，美国才能保持对其他国家的竞争优势　　
但是，当 “only+状语” 置于句首时其后句子就一定要用倒装吗？不一定！这要分情况来看。 more >>

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美文欣赏：Why Study History？(1998)

2018-03-26

Why Study History?(1998)

By Peter N. Stearns

People live in the present. They plan for and worry about the future. History, however, is the study of the past. Given all the demands that press in from living in the present and anticipating what is yet to come, why bother with what has been? Given all the desirable and available branches of knowledge, why insist—as most American educational programs do—on a good bit of history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are required to?

Any subject of study needs justification: its advocates must explain why it is worth attention. Most widely accepted subjects—and history is certainly one of them—attract some people who simply like the information and modes of thought involved. But audiences less spontaneously drawn to the subject and more doubtful about why to bother need to know what the purpose is.
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