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with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

一、 with结构的构成

1.with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋n.

• He cut the paper with a ruler his knife.他用尺当刀子裁开了纸。
• The man fought against the thief__________________________.那男子以木棍作武器同盗贼搏斗。

2.with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋adj.

• He used to sleep with the window open. (表示伴随情况)他过去经常开着窗户睡觉。
• The children were making a snowman,__.孩子们正在做雪人，双手冻得通红。(结果状语)　　

3.with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋adv.

• The little boy ran along the street with nothing on.小男孩沿街跑着，什么也没穿。(方式状语)
• He fell asleep ___.他睡着了，灯还亮着。(伴随状语)

4.with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋prep.

• The farmer went to the field with a spade on his shoulder.这位农民肩扛铁锨下田干活了。
• Jack walked into the classroom __杰克手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。(表示伴随) (hand)

5.with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋V-ing

• She felt nervous with the whole class staring at her.由于全班都盯着她看，她感到紧张。(表示原因)
• He fell asleep ____.他睡着了，收音机还在响着。(表示伴随) (work)

6.with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋V-ed

• With everything well arranged, he left the office.一切都安排妥当以后，他离开了办公室。(表示时间)
• The woman was worrying _.这位妇人正焦急，因为她的车票丢了。(表示原因)
• _(没有东西剩下) in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.

7.with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋to do

• With a lot of work to do, he was not allowed to go out.由于有许多工作要做，他不允许出去。(表示原因)
• We feel safe_____________________________________.有这样的好老师教我们功课，我们感到放心。

Answers

1. with a stick his weapon
2. with their hands red and cold
3. with the light on
4. with some books in his hand.
5. with his radio still working
6. with her ticket lost；With nothing left
7. with such good teachers to teach us lessons

二、with结构的用法

在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：

1. From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe _with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. _
2. A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.
   

三、 with结构的特点

with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如：

1. With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）
2. She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.）
3. With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.）
4. With his eyes fixed on paper, he was lost in thought. → (His eyes were fixed on the paper.)
   

四、 注意

with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别： 在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作**（ 不用having done）**；过去分词表示被动或完成（不用having been done）。 例如：

1. With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已领过路）
2. With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）
3. He laid on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寝室被关着）
4. __, the banquet was declare open.所有的客人都来了，宴会宣布开始。（arrive）

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