“only+状语”置于句首时其后句子一定要用倒装吗
国内出版的绝大部分英语语法书,在谈到涉及 only 的倒装时,大都是这样描述的:当”only+状语”置于句首时其后句子 要用 倒装。有的还说得相当绝对: 当 “only+状语” 置于句首时其后句子 一定要用 倒装。 当然 “only+状语” 置于句首时,其后用倒装的例句非常普遍。如:
- Only now can I begin to apprehend the power of these forces. 直到现在我才真正了解这些队伍的力量。
- Only if the chairperson resigns will we be able to restore the confidence of our members. 只有主席辞职,我们才能恢复成员的信心。
- The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心,这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。
- Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted. 只有每一逻辑步骤都被其他数学家验证之后,证明才能成立。
- Only by keeping down costs will America maintain its competitive advantage over other countries. 只有通过控制成本,美国才能保持对其他国家的竞争优势
但是,当 “only+状语” 置于句首时其后句子就一定要用倒装吗?不一定!这要分情况来看。
1. 第一种情况 倒装
若置于句首的 “only+状语” 强调的是 唯一性 或 排他性 ,其后要用部分倒装。如:
- Only when the masses are fully mobilized can victory be won. 只有充分发动群众,才能取得胜利。 这句话的言外之意是:取得胜利的唯一前提是充分发动群众
- Only gradually are technologies being developed to mechanize the task. 使这项任务实现机械化的技术只能逐步发展。 _这句话的言外之意是:使这项任务实现机械化的技术只有 逐步发展 这一条路,这是唯一的,它排除了其他的可能性。
- Only when we have weighed all the factors involved can we decide when would be the best time to start. 只有权衡了所有有关的因素之后,我们才能决定何时开始最佳。 这句话的言外之意是: 要决定何时才是最佳的开始时间,其唯一前提是在权衡所有有关的因素之后
2. 第二种情况 不倒装
若置于句首的 “”only+状语”” 不强调 唯一性 或 排他性 ,比如当其中的 only 表示 just 或 as recently as 等意思时,此时其后的句子则不用倒装。如:
Only today I saw her—she looks much better.
—— 摘自 Oxford Practical English Usage
句意:就在今天我还见过她 —— 她看起来好多了。Only last week you said you would never smoke again. That didn’t last long, did it?
—— 摘自 Oxford Practical English Usage
句意:就在上个星期你还说过你不再吸烟了。你的话过不了多久就不算数,是不是 ?Only a year ago, he was on the rack with a heroin addiction that began when he was 13.
—— 摘自 Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary
句意:就在一年前,他还被 13 岁时开始染上的海洛因毒瘾所折磨。Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000.
—— 摘自 Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary
句意:仅短短 5 年时间后,你的钱就会增多 94,000 美元。Only yesterday, it seemed to her, she had born Sophia.
—— 摘自《薄冰高级英语语法》
句意:她似乎觉得她昨天才生的索菲娅。比较:
倒 装: Only today did I see her. 我只在今天见过她。(即其他时间未见过她)
不倒装: Only today I saw her. 我就在今天还见过她。(说明见过她后时间还不久)