虚拟语气用法总结

Part Two: 虚拟语气在从句中的用法

1. 主语从句中的用法

1.1 在以it为形式主语的复合句中，虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等，谓语动词用should be型或be型虚拟式，在美国英语中常用be型虚拟式。如：

• It’s natural that she should do so. 她这么做是很自然的事。
• It is essential that we should tell her the news. 我们有必要告诉她这个消息。
• It is important that we should make full use of our mineral resources. 对我们来说，充分利用我国的矿产资源是重要的。
• It is strange that the result of the experiment should be unsatisfactory. 奇怪的是实验结果竟然如此令人不满意。
• It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚准备好。
• It was arranged that Mr Sam should go and help Bettie. 他们作了安排，由萨姆先生去帮助贝蒂。

  1.2 主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态，常用在It is (was) desired (suggested，settled，proposed， recommended，requested，decided，etc.) that…句型中。

• It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.
  有人建议在下次会上讨论这个问题。
• It is vital that he should be warned before it is too late.
  在还不太晚的时候警告他是非常必要的。
• It has been decided that the sports meet should be postponed till next Friday.
  已决定运动会延期到下星期五。
• It was requested that a vote (should) be taken.
  有人要求进行表决。

2. 在宾语从句中的用法

2.1 wish的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式

• 动词的过去式表示对现在情况的假设。如：
  • I wish prices would come down.
    我真希望物价会下降。
  • I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
    我希望你不要再问这种愚蠢的问题。
  • I wish I knew his address.
    可惜我不知道他的地址。
  • I wish we could go with him.
    我们要是能跟他一起去该多好。
• had+过去分词表示对过去情况的假设。如：
  • I wish I had known it before.
    我真希望我预先知道这件事。
  • He wishes he hadn’t been rude to his parents.
    他真希望他没有对父母无礼。
  • She wished that she had stayed at home.
    她想那时要是留在家里就好了。
  • I wish I could have been there yesterday.
    要是我昨天到过那里该多好。

2.2 would rather等的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式用would rather(=would sooner)和would(just)as soon(=would sooner)等表示愿望，但其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。如：

• I would rather you came tomorrow than today.
  我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天。
• I could do it myself but I would sooner you did it.
  我自己也可以做，但我宁愿你去做。
• I would rather you had told me the truth.
  我倒想你本该把事实真相告诉我。

2.3 suggest等的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式

• 用should＋ 动词原形或只用动词原形的that 从句，作为demand, order, prepose, request, require, suggest,arrange, insist, command, desire, advocate, maintain, urge, direct, move, prefer, arrange, recommend等词的宾语。如：
  • The expert proposed that TV should be turned off at least one four every day.
    专家提议每天至少应该关掉电视一个小时。
  • The board recommended that the company should invest in the new property.
    董事会建议公司投资新的房地产。
  • The committee has given instructions that the manager should fly to New York.
    委员会已发出指示，要经理飞往纽约。
  • Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton ordered that James Van Metre should be released.
    陆军部长埃德温·Ｍ·斯坦顿命令将詹姆斯?范?米特释放。
  • He asked that the arrangements be made to help them finish the work.
    他要求做好安排，帮他们完成工作。
  • Experiments demand that accurate measurements be made.
    实验要求做到准确的计量。
  • She insisted that we take up the matter at the meeting.
    她坚持要求我们在会上谈这个问题。
• 有些动词，如think, expect, believe 其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should ＋ 动词原形。如：
  • I never thought he should refuse.
    我万没想到他会拒绝。
  • I had not expected that things should turn out like this.
    我没料到事情的结果竟是这样。

3. 在表语从句中的用法

虚拟语气也可用在表语从句中。这种从句由that（可省略）所引导，其谓语是 should ＋动词原形。句子主句中的主语常常是suggestion, proposal, idea, motion, order, recommendations, plan, impossibility, possibility等名词。如：

• His suggestion was that everyone should have map.
  他的建议是每人发一张地图。
• My idea is that the electronic device should be tested at once.
  我的意见是这一电子器件要立即试验。

在主句中作主语的名词常见的有：
advice， aim， desire， idea， insistence， motion， necessity， order， plan， proposal， recommendation， regulation，requirement， suggestion， wish等。

4. 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法

当与同位语从句同位的是suggestion等表示建议、计划、命令等的名词时，从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形，美国英语中常用动词原形。

• They made the request that the problem should be discussed as soon as possible.
  他们要求尽快讨论这个问题。
• He gave orders that the work should be started at once.
  他命令工作马上开始。
• The proposal that he (should) be dismissed was supported at the meeting.
  大会对开除他的提议表示了支持。

5. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

5.1 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的用法

• 由连接词whether, if, even if/though, whatever, so ong as 引导的状语从句，其谓语可用虚拟语气，即其谓语用动词原形。如：
  • Whether the figures be accurate or not, they have to be rechecked.
    不管那些数字准确与否，都得重新核对。
  • The earth is powerful magnet and all magnets behave the same whether they be large or small.
    地球是一个强大的磁体，而所有的磁体无论大小其作用都是一样的。
  • They have decided to build a reservoir, whatever the difficulties may be.
    他们决心建造一座水库，不管有多少困难。
  • I won’t let you in whoever you may be.
    无论你是谁我都不让进去。
  • However hard the task may be, we must fulfill it on time.
    不管任务多么艰巨，我们必须按时完成。
  • If the defendant be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal.
    如果被告被判有罪，他有权上诉。
• 倒装的让步状语从句中的虚拟语气。如：
  • Come what may，we will go ahead.
    不管怎样，我们一定要前进。
  • However hard it may rain，we shall have to go.
    无论雨多大，我们都得走。

5.2 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的用法

以连接词as if引导的状语从句（谓语形式与wish后的宾语从句相同，be在第一、三人称可用was或were）。如：

• You speak as if you had really been there.
  你说的好像你真的去过那里。
• Light often behaves as though it were made of particles.
  光的性状，常常有点儿像由粒子组成的。
• He spoke to me as if I was(were)deaf.
  他跟我说话时就好像我是聋子似的。

5.3 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法

以lest, for fear that 和in case 引出的状语从句（谓语多用should加动词原形构成）。如：

• Batteries should be kept in dry places lest electricity should leak away.
  电池应放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。
• He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.
  他小心地弄那仪器，生怕把它弄坏。
• I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.
  我给你留一个位子，说不定你会改变主意。

6. 虚拟语气在it is time后的定语从句中的用法

虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，这种从句常用在it is (high, about) time (that)．．．句型中。定语从句常用虚拟过去式。如：

• It is time we started.
  我们该出发了。
• It is time we set to work.
  我们该着手工作了。
• It is time we left.
  我们该走了。
• It is time we should leave.
  我们该走了。
• It is time I were off.
  我该走了。
• It’s high time the weather improved.
  天气真该好起来了。

注意 ：位于time之前的high起着强调“为时稍晚”的作用。

END

来自《 薄冰实用英语语法详解 》